Logico-linguistic semantic representation of documents

The knowledge behind the gigantic pool of data remains largely unextracted. Techniques such as ontology design, RDF representations, hpernym extraction, etc. have been used to represent the knowledge. However, the area of logic (FOPL) and linguistics (Semantics) has not been explored in depth for this purpose. Search engines suffer in extraction of specific answers to queries because of the absence of structured domain knowledge. The current paper deals with the design of formalism to extract and represent knowledge from the data in a consistent format. The application of logic and linguistics combined greatly eases and increases the precision of knowledge translation from natural language. The results clearly indicate the effectiveness of the knowledge extraction and representation methodology developed providing intelligence to machines for efficient analysis of data. The methodology helps machines to precise results in an efficient manner

Decoy state quantum key distribution

Experimental weak + vacuum protocol has been demonstrated using commercial QKD system based on a standard bi-directional ‘Plug & Play’ set-up. By making simple modifications to a commercial quantum key distribution system, decoy state QKD allows us to achieve much better performance than QKD system without decoy state in terms of key generation rate and distance. We demonstrate an unconditionally secure key rate of 6.2931 x 10-4 per pulse for a 25 km fiber length

Entanglement for moving three-level atom under decoherence effect

We discuss the dynamical properties of quantum entanglement and partial entropy for moving three-level atom interacting with single-mode quantized field inside a phase-damped cavity for more general cases. The results show that the atomic motion and decoherence effects play an important role on the evolution of the system dynamics and quantum entanglement. Moreover, we show that the phenomena of long lived nonlocal correlation and short temporal disentanglement can be generated through specific values of phase damping and atomic motion parameter

Exact solution of an Ising model with competing interactions on a Cayley tree

The exact solution of an Ising model with competing restricted interactions on the Cayley tree, and in the absence of an external field is presented. A critical curve is defined where it is possible to get phase transitions above it, and a single Gibbs state is obtained elsewhere

Rule based modeling of knowledge bases: rule based construction of knowledge base models for automation/expert systems

It is critical to have a knowledge base model for efficient storage of extracted knowledge. This ensures that the knowledge is stored in a meaningful way to be used for different applications. The efficiency of the knowledge base model depends largely on the rules of construction. Knowledge represented using logico-linguistic techniques and semantic networks lack a consistent rule based knowledge model. The current paper deals with the analysis of text from the knowledge extraction, representation and semantic network phase to formulate rules which would lay foundations of a knowledge model. The developed rules seem to be promising providing a comprehensive coverage of different scenarios. The extensive coverage is an indication that the knowledge model will cater to the entire domain knowledge, thereby laying the foundations of automatic construction of efficient knowledge bases. © 2017 IEEE

Squeezing, mixed mode squeezing, amplitude squared squeezing and principal squeezing in a non-degenerate parametric oscillator

The Hamiltonian and hence the equation of motion of the field operators of a nondegenerate parametric oscillator (NDPO) under the influence of classical pump are formulated. The coupled operator differential equations involving the signal and idler modes are decoupled at the expense of fourth order differential equations involving the c-numbers. Without using the rotating wave approximation, the analytical solutions of the field operators are obtained. These solutions are approximated up to the second orders in dimensionless coupling constant. We investigate the squeezing, mixed mode squeezing, amplitude-squared squeezing, and the principal squeezing of the thermal and coherent light coupled to the NDPO. By using the input composite number state, we establish that the percentage and the range (interaction time) of squeezing is considerably increased with the increase of the signal photon number. For initial composite number state, the amplitude squared squeezing for Ys quadrature is obtained at the cost of canonically conjugate Zs quadrature. The percentage of amplitude squared squeezing increases significantly with the increase of signal excitation (photon). The so-called normal squeezing and the principal squeezing are also indicated for the NDPO coupled with the initially prepared composite coherent states not in the composite number states. In spite of the shortcomings of the analytical solutions, we obtain squeezing, amplitude squared squeezing and other nonclassical effects which are unavailable under the rotating wave approximation. In order to give the feelings about the analytical results (expressions), we give some symbolic calculations relevant to the possible experimental situations

A new quantum theory in accordance with Islamic science

Wave-particle duality is one of the many strange phenomena observed in the quantum world that desperately requires a new theory. Such a theory is proposed herein through a metaphysical approach based on the Qur’an and the principles of Islamic science, supplemented by philosophical rational arguments. Interpreting relevant Qur’anic verses, together with the pairing concept and the one-to-one correspondence principle, manages to facilitate some detailed explanations regarding the wave-particle duality of an electron. Scientific analysis indicates an electron can consist of both a unit electrical charge and a permanent magnet, which all reflects on its wave-particle duality behaviour as per experimental observations. Though physicists are currently only considering the existence of the induced magnetic field, the presence of which is due to the spin of the electron, the new theory postulates that a permanent magnetic field is additionally present. Furthermore, the electrical charge and the permanent magnetism could be considered as potential energy, which is also believed to be possibly the zero point energy that has been observed to exist, but has yet to be properly explained. Based on this new theory, a mathematical equation has been derived to calculate the postulated potential energy of an electron. Islamic science in this case appears to have demonstrated its significance in proposing a new perspective in the exploration of the mysterious quantum world

Quantum phase fluctuations of coherent and thermal light coupled to a non-degenerate parametric oscillator beyond rotating wave approximation

The essence of the rotating wave approximation (RWA) is to eliminate the non-conserving energy terms from the interaction Hamiltonian. The cost of using RWA is heavy if the frequency of the input radiation field is low (e.g. below optical region). The well known Bloch-Siegert effect is the out come of the inclusion of the terms which are normally neglected under RWA. We investigate the fluctuations of the quantum phase of the coherent light and the thermal light coupled to a nondegenerate parametric oscillator (NDPO). The Hamiltonian and hence the equations of motion involving the signal and idler modes are framed by using the strong (classical) pump condition. These differential equations are nonlinear in nature and are found coupled to each other. Without using the RWA, we obtain the analytical solutions for the signal and idler fields. These solutions are obtained up to the second orders in dimensionless coupling constants. The analytical expressions for the quantum phase fluctuation parameters due to Carruther's and Nieto are obtained in terms of the coupling constants and the initial photon numbers of the input radiation field. Moreover, we keep ourselves confined to the Pegg-Barnett formalism for measured phase operators. With and without using the RWA, we compare the quantum phase fluctuations for coherent and thermal light coupled to the NDPO. In spite of the significant departures (quantitative), the qualitative features of the phase fluctuation parameters for the input thermal light are identical for NDPO with and without RWA. On the other hand, we report some interesting results of input coherent light coupled to the NDPO which are substantially different from their RWA counterpart. In spite of the various quantum optical phenomena in a NDPO, we claim that it is the first effort where the complete analytical approach towards the solutions and hence the quantum phase fluctuations of input radiation fields coupled to it are obtained beyond rotating wave approximation. To have the feelings of the analytical solutions, we give few numerical estimates of the quantum phase fluctuation parameters relevant to a real experimental situation

Towards using CMU Sphinx Tools for the Holy Quran recitation verification

The use of the Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) technology is being used is many different applications that help simplify the interaction with a wider range of devices. This paper investigates the use of a simplified set of phonemes in an ASR system applied to Holy Quran. The Carnegie Mellon University Sphinx 4 tools were used to train and evaluate an acoustic model on Holy Quran recitations that are widely available online. The building of the acoustic model was done using a simplified list of phonemes instead of the mainly used Romanized in order to simplify the process of training the acoustic model. In this paper, the experiment resulted in Word Error Rates (WER) as low as 1.5% even with a very small set of audio files to use in the training phase

The probe attack on the Bennett-Brassard 1984 protocol in the presences of noisy amplitude damping channel

In this contribution, we investigate the effect of the generalized amplitude damping as Eve's strategy to cause an error on the received signal during generating a quantum key distribution between Alice and Bob using Bennett-Brassard 1984 (BB84) protocol. For small values of the channel strength and larger values of the decay parameter, the entanglement decays gradually. The phenomena of the sudden changes of entanglement are observed for smaller and larger values of the willing initial error. These changes of entanglement decay gradually when Alice prepares her qubit in horizontal-vertical basis. While the sudden changes are depicted if the initial state is prepared in the diagonal-anti-diagonal basis. Bob will get his measurement with an error, where the probability of this error depends on the initial polarized angle, the initial desired error and the channel parameters